| [216.1] | Strabo, viii. 6, p. 369. |
| [216.2] | The labyrinth, in various forms, occurs on the reverses of coins of Cnossus. Montf. Ant. Exp., t. ii. pl. xii.; Smith’s Dict. of Greek and Roman Geography, and Eckhel. |
| [217.3] | Pliny, Hist. Nat. xxxvi. c. 13. |
| [218.4] | Maffei, Gemme Ant. iv. No. 31. |
| [218.5] | Pompeia, par E. Breton, p. 303. |
| [219.6] | This labyrinth is figured in M. Durand’s memoir on “les Pavés Mosaïques,” in Didron’s Annales Archéol. vol. xvii., p. 119, with the other Italian examples here noticed. |
| [219.7] | Wallet, in his “Description d’une Crypte et d’un Pavé mosaïque de l’ancienne église de St. Bertin à Saint-Omer,” Douai, 1843, p. 97, gives an account of the labyrinths in France, here enumerated, with representations of those at St. Quentin and Chartres, and of the central octagon of that at Amiens. See also notices of the Amiens pavement in Daire, Hist. de la Ville d’Amiens, tom. ii., and the Bulletin du Com. Hist. No. x., p. 240. |
| [221.8] | Wallet, Description, ut supra, p. 97, where this pavement is figured. The labyrinth at Chartres is noticed by De Caumont in his “Abecedaire.” |
| [222.9] | See No. 273 in the Description du Musée Lapidaire de la Ville de Lyon, par le Dr. A. Comarmond. |
| [223.1] | Stukeley, Itinerarium Curiosum, Iter v. p. 97. |
| [224.2] | The herdsmen still cut on the grassy plains of Burgh and Rockliff marshes, a labyrinthine figure, termed the Walls of Troy.—Notes and Queries, Ser. ii. vol. v. p. 212. |
| [226.3] | The representation given in Camden, edit. Gough, 1806, vol. ii. pl. xiv. p. 400, appears very incorrect: a tree stands in the centre. |
| [226.4] | This representation is reduced from the plate in Hutchins’ Dorset, vol. i. p. 100, first edit., drawn by J. Bastard, 1758. |
| [227.5] | Deering’s Nottingham, sect. 4, p. 73. |
| [227.6] | Ibid., p. 75. |
| [228.7] | Hist. Nat. xxxvi. 13. |
| [230.8] | Vol. i., p. 318. The manor of “Le Mase,” Southwark, is so termed in I Henr. VI. when it belonged to Sir John Burcestre. See the account of it given in Coll. Top. vol. viii. p. 253. The memory of its site still exists in the names Maze Lane and Maze Pond. Green, the Dramatist, mentions the “Maze in Tuttle,” supposed to have been in Tothill Fields. |
| [230.9] | This painting is now in the Queen’s Private Chamber, at Hampton Court, and it is marked No. 787, in the Strangers’ Guide, published in 1857. In a letter to M. Didron, cited in M. Durand’s Memoir on Mosaic Pavements, Annales, tome xvii. p. 127, it is stated that in the collection of the Marquis Campana at Rome was to be seen a painting of the sixteenth century, on panel, representing the story of Theseus, with a labyrinth which closely resembled that in the church of Santa Maria in Aquiro at Rome, figured by M. Durand in that memoir. |
| [230.1] | “Seb. Serlio, Libri cinque d’Architettura,” Venet. 1551, fol., but the books appeared separately, commencing in 1537. This work was translated into French, by J. Martin, Paris and Antwerp, 1546–50, also into Dutch, and in 1611 into English. A copy of that translation, a folio volume of considerable rarity, exists in the library of my friend, the Rev. W. Thornton, at Dodford, Northamptonshire. A remarkable example of the topiary maze formerly existed at the Château de Gaillon. In the Architectural Works of Du Cerceau, who lived in the reigns of Charles IX. and Henry III. (1560–89) there is scarcely a ground-plot without a square and a round labyrinth. |
| [232.2] | See the letter from M. B. de Montault in Didron’s Annales, tome xvii. p. 127, note. An engraving of this labyrinth exists, executed in the seventeenth century. |
These brief notes are intended merely to indicate where Trollope’s paper has become out of date. Current information on mazes and labyrinths can be found on the Web, starting e.g. at the Labyrinthos site created by Jeff and Kimberly Saward. Good books on the subject include the following, which are referred to in the notes below:
W. H. Matthews, Mazes and Labyrinths, London, 1922. Reprinted by Dover Books, New York. Online version published by Sacred Texts. (The classic work in English, though now out of date in some ways.)
Nigel Pennick, Mazes and Labyrinths, Robert Hale, London, 1990.
Hermann Kern, Labyrinthe: Erscheinungsforme und Deutungen, Prestel, München, 1982. English-language edition, edited by Robert Ferré and Jeff Saward: Through the Labyrinth, Prestel, Munich, 2000. References below are to the English-language edition.
Jeff Saward, Labyrinths and Mazes, Gaia Books, London, 2003.
| [216.A] | It looks as if Trollope did not know about the hundreds of stone labyrinths in northern Europe (Scandinavia, Finland, etc.). See Pennick, pp. 30–37; Kern, pp. 267–275, 281–282; Saward, pp. 136–151. |
| [216.B] | The theory that mazes were intended for doing penance has become well known from Trollope’s often-reproduced engraving of monks treading the Sneinton maze, but it is questioned by later researchers. Matthews (pp. 67–68) thinks it derives from an unsubstantiated statement by a French writer in 1817. Kern (p. 148) does not take it seriously. Saward (p. 98) thinks the theory is “probably no more than a romantic antiquarian fancy.” |
| [221.C] | Trollope’s plan of the Chartres labyrinth has too few indents round the edge. Photos in Kern (p. 152) and Saward (p. 97) show 55 in the left half and 57 in the right half. |
| [222.D] | Since Trollope wrote, labyrinths have been constructed in Ely Cathedral (1870) and in churches at Itchen Stoke, Hants. (1866), Bourn, Cambs. (1875), and Alkborough, Lincs. (1887). Only the one at Ely is large enough to be walked. |
| [223.E] | Probably the maze name Julian(’s) Bower or Gillian(’s) Bower is not derived from Iulus in the Æneid, as old writers suppose, but means a woman’s bower. Gillian was a familiar word for a woman (17th cent. examples in OED; cf. modern judy and sheila). Julian, as a woman’s name, was pronounced Gillian (extract from 1701 spelling book in Martyn Wakelin, The Archaeology of English, p. 157). In both Britain and Scandinavia, games were played in which a girl stood at the centre of a maze and young men ran the paths to reach her (John Kraft, The Goddess in the Labyrinth, Åbo Akademi, Finland, 1985, esp. pp. 15–22; Pennick, pp. 37–39). |
| [224.F] | The Asenby maze was in a ruinous condition by 1908 (Matthews, p. 77). |
| [225.G] | The Boughton Green maze was destroyed by army exercises in 1917 (Pennick, p. 89). |
| [232.H] | If so, most likely Comberton was the model. Research by Barry Barker of Comberton has shown that in 1654 Martha Sparrow of Hilton, who is thought to have been William Sparrow’s sister, married a man who owned land next to the Comberton maze (Pennick, p. 89; Saward, p. 125; though both these writers suggest that Hilton was the model for Comberton). |
| [232.K] | The Comberton maze was recut in 1909, but destroyed in 1928 (Pennick, pp. 89–91). A copy has recently been made near the original site. |
| [233.L] | A few old turf mazes are recorded on the Continent, mostly in Germany. Only three remain (Hanover, Steigra, Graitschen). See Pennick, pp. 74–80; Kern, pp. 175–177; Saward, pp. 130–135. |
