European Troytowns

Here are republished, in the original and in English translation, three German articles on mazes that appeared in the periodical Germanien in 1934–1940. The translations (by Michael Behrend) were first published in 1978–1980.

Also republished here is Nigel Pennick’s survey of European labyrinths, which includes a summary of the German research.

The translations were duplicated from typewritten stencils, and it was not practicable to include all the illustrations. In this Web version, all the illustrations are included.

The digitized version contains the following Web pages:

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DEUTSCHER TEXT
Haye Hamkens, „Trojaburgen“ (1934)
Siegfried Sieber, „Eine Trojaburg in Pommern“ (1936)
Friedrich Mößinger, „Baumtanz und Trojaburg“ (1940)
BILDER
Hamkens, Abb. 1, Typen von Trojaburgen
Hamkens, Abb. 2, Die Trojaburg von Steigra, Blick nach Norden, vom Hügel aus
Hamkens, Abb. 3, Trojaburg bei Steigra, Blick nach Südosten
Hamkens, Abb. 4, Trojaburg bei Steigra, Blick nach Norden, vom Dorfe her
Hamkens, Abb. 5, Trojaburg bei Steigra, Blick nach Süden
Sieber, Abb. 1, Windelburg oder Windelbahn in Stolp in Pommern
Sieber, Abb. 2, Die Trojaburg von Steigra an der Unstrut
Mößinger, Abb. 1, Windelburg in Stolp in Pommern, 1784
Mößinger, Abb. 2, [Beispiele von Trojaburgen]
Mößinger, Abb. 3, Lucas van Valckenborch, Frühlingsbild 1587, Ausschnitt
Mößinger, Abb. 4, Hans Bol, Der Frühling, Ausschnitt
Mößinger, Abb. 5, Rad in der Eilenreide bei Hannover
Mößinger, Abb. 6, „Wunder-Kreis“ in Kaufbeuren
Mößinger, Abb. 7, Stempel der Bürgmeisterei Graitschen
Mößinger, Nachtrag, Bauernhaus in Marmeke (Sauerland) mit Trojaburgen auf dem Torbogen
ENGLISH TEXT
Haye Hamkens, “Troytowns” (1934)
Siegfried Sieber, “A Troytown in Pomerania” (1936)
Friedrich Mössinger, “Treedance and Troytown” (1940)
Nigel Pennick, European Troytowns (© 1981)
IMAGES
Hamkens, Fig. 1, Types of Troytowns
Hamkens, Fig. 2, The Troytown at Steigra, view towards the north, from the hill
Hamkens, Fig. 3, Troytown near Steigra, view towards the south-east
Hamkens, Fig. 4, Troytown near Steigra, view towards the north, from the village
Hamkens, Fig. 5, Troytown near Steigra, view towards the south
Sieber, Fig. 1, Windelburg or Windelbahn in Stolp in Pomerania
Sieber, Fig. 2, The Troytown at Steigra an der Unstrut
Mössinger, Fig. 1, Windelburg in Stolp in Pomerania, 1784
Mössinger, Fig. 2, [Examples of Troytowns]
Mössinger, Fig. 3, Lucas van Valckenborch, Landscape in Spring 1587, detail
Mössinger, Fig. 4, Hans Bol, Spring, detail
Mössinger, Fig. 5, Rad (Wheel) in the Eilenreide forest near Hanover
Mössinger, Fig. 6, “Wonder-Ring” in Kaufbeuren, Bavaria
Mössinger, Fig. 7, Seal of the Corporation of Graitschen
Mössinger, App., Farmhouse in Marmeke (Sauerland) with Troytowns on the lintel
Pennick, Cover of European Troytowns, 1981
Pennick, Fig. 1, Mazes at Kaufbeuren etc.
Pennick, Fig. 2, European mazes
Pennick, Fig. 3, Text figures