Ducks

java.lang.Object
- eg.Ducks

```
public class Ducks
extends java.lang.Object
```
Ducks is a toy application program to illustrate the "(Naive-) Bayes" function-model in [the book]. Also see the [home page].

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`static Vector`	`attributes` `waddles`.zip(`quacks`).
`static UPFunctionModel`	`bird_2_walk_N_talk` UnParameterised function-model of Species→Bool×Bool.
`static Dependent`	`bird_N_walk_N_talk` UnParameterised Model of Species×(Bool×Bool).
`static Vector`	`birds` Also see `waddles`, `quacks` and `weights`.
`static MultiState`	`birdUPM` UnParameterised Model over `Species`={coot,duck,swan}.
`static NaiveBayes.M`	`book_eg` The particular Naive Bayes function-model used as an example in the book.
`static MultiState`	`boolUPM` UnParameterised Model over Bool={`f`,`t`}.
`static Value`	`coot` coot, duck, swan : `Species`.
`static Vector`	`ds` A toy data-set from which to estimate a function-model.
`static Value`	`duck` coot, duck, swan : `Species`.
`static NaiveBayes.M`	`estimated` A Naive Bayes function-model estimated from data-set `ds`.
`static Value.Bool`	`f` 't' and 'f', short for `Value.ttrue` and `Value.ttrue`.
`static Vector`	`quacks` Also see `birds`, `waddles` and `weights`.
`static Type.Enum`	`Species` Species = coot \| duck \| swan.
`static Value`	`swan` coot, duck, swan : `Species`.
`static Value.Bool`	`t` 't' and 'f', short for `Value.ttrue` and `Value.ttrue`.
`static Vector`	`waddles` Also see `birds`, `quacks` and `weights`.
`static Independent`	`walk_N_talk` UnParameterised Independent Model over Bool×Bool.
`static NaiveBayes`	`walk_N_talk_2_bird` new `NaiveBayes`(`bird_N_walk_N_talk`).
`static double[]`	`weights` 'weights' are frequencies of the observations; also see `birds`, `waddles` and `quacks`.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description

Ducks()

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`Ducks()`

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type Method and Description

static void main(java.lang.String[] argv)
Walk the walk and talk the talk.
- Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
  clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`static void`	`main(java.lang.String[] argv)` Walk the walk and talk the talk.

- Field Detail
  - t
```
public static Value.Bool t
```
    't' and 'f', short for Value.ttrue and Value.ttrue.
  - f
```
public static Value.Bool f
```
    't' and 'f', short for Value.ttrue and Value.ttrue.
  - Species
```
public static Type.Enum Species
```
    Species = coot | duck | swan.
  - coot
```
public static Value coot
```
    coot, duck, swan : Species.
  - duck
```
public static Value duck
```
    coot, duck, swan : Species.
  - swan
```
public static Value swan
```
    coot, duck, swan : Species.
  - birds
```
public static Vector birds
```
    Also see waddles, quacks and weights.
  - waddles
```
public static Vector waddles
```
    Also see birds, quacks and weights.
  - quacks
```
public static Vector quacks
```
    Also see birds, waddles and weights.
  - weights
```
public static double[] weights
```
    'weights' are frequencies of the observations; also see birds, waddles and quacks.
  - attributes
```
public static Vector attributes
```
    waddles.zip(quacks). The properties of observed birds.
  - ds
```
public static Vector ds
```
    A toy data-set from which to estimate a function-model. ds=(attributes.zip(birds)).weight(weights) : ⟨⟨waddles?,quacks?⟩,bird⟩^*, note weighted by weights.
  - boolUPM
```
public static MultiState boolUPM
```
    UnParameterised Model over Bool={f,t}.
  - birdUPM
```
public static MultiState birdUPM
```
    UnParameterised Model over Species={coot,duck,swan}.
  - walk_N_talk
```
public static Independent walk_N_talk
```
    UnParameterised Independent Model over Bool×Bool. It is the use of this Independent in walk_N_talk and thence in bird_N_walk_N_talk that makes walk_N_talk_2_bird "Naive".
  - bird_2_walk_N_talk
```
public static UPFunctionModel bird_2_walk_N_talk
```
    UnParameterised function-model of Species→Bool×Bool. It is new CPT(triple(coot,swan,walk_N_talk)).
  - bird_N_walk_N_talk
```
public static Dependent bird_N_walk_N_talk
```
    UnParameterised Model of Species×(Bool×Bool). That is of Species and the attributes "walks" and "talks" (like a duck). It is made from birdUPM and bird_2_walk_N_talk. Note that the attribute-pair is Dependent on Species but each attribute is Independent of the other.
  - walk_N_talk_2_bird
```
public static NaiveBayes walk_N_talk_2_bird
```
    new NaiveBayes(bird_N_walk_N_talk). That is, an UnParameterised "NaiveBayes" function-model of (Bool×Bool)→Species. The story is that walk_N_talk_2_bird is made from bird_N_walk_N_talk which is made from birdUPM and bird_2_walk_N_talk. The latter is made from walk_N_talk and walking and talking (like a duck) are modelled as Independent but nothing actually requires this — apart from naivety.
  - book_eg
```
public static NaiveBayes.M book_eg
```
    The particular Naive Bayes function-model used as an example in the book.
  - estimated
```
public static NaiveBayes.M estimated
```
    A Naive Bayes function-model estimated from data-set ds. walk_N_talk_2_bird.estimator(...).apply(ds) is similar to book_eg but not quite identical. (The estimator's parameters are ⟨triv,⟨triv,triv⟩⟩, the first triv is for birdUPM's estimator and ⟨triv,triv⟩ is for the pair of boolUPM estimators inside walk_N_talk.)
- Constructor Detail
  - Ducks
```
public Ducks()
```
- Method Detail
  - main
```
public static void main(java.lang.String[] argv)
```
    Walk the walk and talk the talk.

Class Ducks

Field Summary

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

t

f

Species

coot

duck

swan

birds

waddles

quacks

weights

attributes

ds

boolUPM

birdUPM

walk_N_talk

bird_2_walk_N_talk

bird_N_walk_N_talk

walk_N_talk_2_bird

book_eg

estimated

Constructor Detail

Ducks

Method Detail

main